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FAQ

How do minimally invasive surgical instruments adapt to the needs of different surgical difficulties and locations?

Minimally invasive surgical instruments adapt to the needs of different surgical difficulties and locations in a variety of ways.

First of all, with the advancement of technology, the design of minimally invasive surgical instruments is becoming more and more diverse and intelligent. For example, scientists have designed a self-folding magnetic soft robot that can operate in narrow and complex internal environments, greatly improving the flexibility and safety of surgery. In addition, the layout method of the single-cantilever polar coordinate minimally invasive surgical robot developed by Tianjin University achieves a miniaturized and lightweight design in size and weight, reducing the bedside space occupied during surgery, thus adapting to the needs of minimally invasive surgeries in different positions. .

Secondly, the application of minimally invasive surgical instruments in specific fields has also been significantly improved. For example, in gynecological surgery, surgical robot technology is widely used, providing new options for difficult and complex surgeries, avoiding the huge trauma caused by open surgery, and overcoming the difficulty of suturing in traditional laparoscopic minimally invasive surgeries. question. In spine surgery, specially designed instrument packages can reduce damage to related tissues during the surgical process.

In addition, for difficult surgeries, such as sacral tumor resection, robot-assisted surgeries are gradually being carried out. Although it is difficult for existing robotic instruments to remove bone tissue, these limitations are gradually being overcome through continuous technological improvements.

Finally, in order to meet the surgical needs of special patients, the hospital will even customize surgical instruments for the patients. For example, one hospital customized surgical instruments free of charge for a patient who weighed more than 288 pounds to ensure a successful operation.

To sum up, minimally invasive surgical instruments can adapt to the needs of different surgical difficulties and locations through technological innovation and personalized design, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of surgery.

How is the operation technology of minimally invasive surgical instruments implemented in a narrow and complex internal environment?

The operation technology of minimally invasive surgical instruments in narrow and complex internal environments mainly relies on robotic systems with high flexibility and precise control. These robotic systems usually include flexible endoscopes and dexterous surgical instruments, capable of performing complex surgical operations in small and harsh intraluminal environments. For example, minimally invasive robotic surgery in the abdominal cavity requires making more than three incisions of 5 to 12 mm in the patient's abdomen, and inserting the endoscope and surgical instruments into the abdominal cavity through poke cards to complete the required surgical operations.

In addition, the flexibility and precision of these robotic systems have been significantly improved. For example, some robots are more flexible than human hands in narrow anatomical environments and can achieve better results, allowing robotic minimally invasive surgery to successfully complete more complex surgeries. These robots also use master-slave control technology, in which the operator remotely operates surgical instruments through a master controller that is not connected to the end effector. This solves the problem of operating flexible surgical instruments.

In order to further improve the flexibility of surgical operations, researchers have also developed a rigid-flexible coupling surgical robot and its key technologies. These technologies can be extended to other minimally invasive surgeries where robots assist doctors in dexterous operations in the natural orifice of the human body.

What are the specific technical details and application cases of the single-cantilever polar coordinate minimally invasive surgical robot developed by Tianjin University?

The single-cantilever polar coordinate minimally invasive surgical robot developed by Tianjin University has the following specific technical details and application cases:

technical details:

Starting from the constraint model of minimally invasive surgery, the robot designed a lightweight operating hand system to improve the accuracy and stability of surgical operations.
Combining ergonomic principles, an open minimally invasive surgical robot doctor's console was invented and designed, which improved the doctor's surgical mode and effectively avoided surgical fatigue.
The use of wire transmission technology further improves the flexibility and response speed of the robot.

Applications:

The minimally invasive surgical robot system "Miaoshou S" developed by Tianjin University successfully completed three domestic robot surgeries in April 2014. This was the first use of a surgical robot system independently developed in my country.
At present, the "Miaoshou" minimally invasive abdominal surgery robot has completed nearly 300 clinical operations. At the 2020 National Science and Technology Awards Conference, Professor Wang Shuxin of Tianjin University served as the first completer of "Key technologies and equipment for minimally invasive abdominal surgery robots and instruments". The results of "Application" won the second prize of the National Technology Invention Award.

In gynecological surgery, which minimally invasive surgical instruments are widely used, and how do they improve surgical results?

In gynecological surgery, the widely used minimally invasive surgical instruments mainly include laparoscope, hysteroscope and colposcope. These instruments enter the body through small holes and use a high-tech electronic imaging system to observe the diseased tissue magnified dozens of times on the display screen, and remove the diseased lesions accurately and quickly without causing any damage to healthy tissue.

Specifically, single-port laparoscopy technology is a leap forward in the era of minimally invasive laparoscopy. It can complete the operation through a single incision, greatly reducing surgical trauma and postoperative recovery time. In addition, transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery (TU-LESS) is also a cutting-edge technology that uses the umbilical skin fold to cover the surgical incision, further reducing surgical scars.

As an emerging minimally invasive surgical method, the robotic surgical system has the advantages of high-definition three-dimensional vision, free rotation of the robotic arm, and precise and precise operation. Compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery and open surgery, the robotic surgical system can provide higher surgical accuracy and safety. sex.

What are the features of specially designed instrument packages for spine surgery, and how do they reduce tissue damage?

For spinal surgery, specially designed instrument packages have the following features and reduce tissue damage in a variety of ways:

Minimally invasive technology: Minimally invasive spinal surgery instrument packages usually use minimally invasive technology, such as UBE (unilateral dual-channel endoscopy) technology, which can significantly reduce tissue damage and blood loss. In addition, robot-assisted surgery also reduces iatrogenic damage with minimal tissue damage.

Versatility and customizability: For example, Wanjie spinal endoscopic surgery instrument package contains many types of surgical instruments such as trephine system, bone drill system, surgical forceps series, protective sleeve series, etc., which can be customized according to the surgical habits of different surgeons. Freely matched to meet the needs of various surgeries such as lumbar spine and cervical spine.

Human factors engineering design: The minimally invasive spinal expansion fusion device and instrument package developed by Fuller Technology adopts human factors engineering design. Through mechanical transmission feedback, the expansion size is precise and the patient, surgical instrument and physician can interact closely. Ensure that the entire process of intervertebral disc treatment is visible, safe and effective.

Reduce nerve damage and bleeding: The use of modern instruments such as burrs can significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding, making the operation more precise while avoiding damage to surrounding tissue.

Rapid recovery: Minimally invasive spine surgery advocates preserving the normal anatomical structures within the surgical scope as much as possible, allowing for rapid recovery and better quality of life after surgery.

For difficult surgeries such as sacral tumor resection, what are the current technical limitations and what are the future directions for improvement?

For difficult surgeries such as sacral tumor resection, there are currently the following technical limitations:

Limitation of the scope of surgery: The scope of surgical resection of sacral tumors is greatly limited, because the sacrum is connected to the lumbar vertebrae and plays a role in transmitting stress. At the same time, the sacrum is also an important part of the pelvic ring, which makes it difficult to reconstruct the spine and pelvis after resection of sacral tumors. ring challenge.

High recurrence rate: For some sacral tumors, such as giant cell tumors, although curettage is simple, the recurrence rate is extremely high. Although total sacral resection and pelvic ring reconstruction surgery can cure tumors, the operation is difficult.

Risk of complications: High sacrectomy increases the complexity of the pelvis and spine, which may lead to additional complications.

Future improvement directions include:

Robot-assisted surgery: Robot-assisted surgery, as an advanced minimally invasive technology, has been successful in urology and other fields. This technology can improve the accuracy and safety of surgery and is expected to be used in sacral tumor resection in the future.

Application of 3D printed prostheses: Tsinghua Chang Gung Memorial Orthopedics has completed the world’s first surgery to remove the high sacrum en bloc and use 3D printed prostheses. This approach allows for better reconstruction of the pelvic ring and spinal structures, reducing postoperative complications.

Multidisciplinary cooperation: Sacral tumor resection requires the cooperation of a multidisciplinary team, including neurosurgery, orthopedics, radiology, etc., to ensure the success of the operation and the patient's recovery.

Research on new treatment methods: For example, although carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) cannot eradicate tumors, it has a significant effect in reducing tumor size or stabilizing the condition. In the future, it can be combined with other treatment methods to improve the treatment effect.

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